Clinical descriptors
Find the exact examination wording, the state that selects it, and the difference made by the Clinical Descriptors setting.
The descriptor setting changes wording. Check Breathing, Feel Skin, Assess Pupils and fracture inspection each select findings through their own rules. An assessment label is one observation; read it with the rest of the patient assessment.
Breathing findings
The first matching condition determines the result. A driving ventilator is checked first, then an active irregular breathing pattern, then the ordinary breathing assessment.
| Priority | Condition | Reported finding |
|---|---|---|
1 | Ventilator is driving the living patient | Mechanical ventilation with delivered rate and exhaled tidal volume. VTe below 50 mL or delivered minute volume below 0.2 L/min reports minimal effective exhaled volume. |
2 | Irregular breathing pattern is active | Breathing is irregular in rate and depth. |
3 | RR below 1, HR below 20, death, tension pneumothorax, hemothorax fluid above 1.4, or blocked airway | Not breathing / apneic |
4 | A shallow breathing condition is present | Shallow, with slow or rapid wording added according to the rate thresholds below. |
5 | No higher condition applies | Rate alone selects slow, normal or rapid. |
Shallow breathing conditions include pneumothorax, an unsecured collapsed airway, absent airway reflexes without an adjunct or securing maneuver, airway inflammation above 15, or lung tissue damage above 20.
| Rate in breaths/min | Ordinary depth | Shallow condition present |
|---|---|---|
Below 15.9 | Patient is bradypneic | Patient is bradypneic with poor tidal volume |
15.9 through 22 | Patient is eupneic with equal chest rise | Patient is breathing with poor tidal volume |
Above 22 | Patient is tachypneic | Patient is tachypneic with shallow respirations |
Apneic means no breathing is reported. Bradypneic means slow; tachypneic means fast; eupneic is the normal depth, normal rate wording. Poor tidal volume describes shallow breaths. The mechanically ventilated result uses delivered measurements instead of these spontaneous breathing labels.
Skin findings
Feel Skin reads blood volume, mean arterial pressure (MAP), arrest state and core temperature. The first matching row selects pallor and the perfusion tier.
| First matching condition | Pallor | Moisture |
|---|---|---|
Cardiac arrest, MAP below 50, or blood compartment below 3.5 L | Mottled and gray | Clammy / diaphoretic |
MAP below 65 or blood compartment below 4.5 L | Pale | Clammy / diaphoretic |
MAP below 75 or blood compartment below 5.4 L | Slightly pale | Dry |
None of the above | Pink | Dry |
Dead patient, handled before the living tiers | Ashen and mottled; cold to the touch | Fixed examination sentence |
| Temperature or perfusion condition | Skin temperature wording |
|---|---|
Core temperature below 34°C | Cold |
Otherwise, either of the two worst perfusion tiers or core temperature below 36°C | Cool |
Otherwise | Warm |
The displayed color uses whichever is worse: perfusion tier or temperature band. Temperature bands are below 32°C, below 34°C, below 36°C, and 36°C or above. Clinical Descriptors changes clammy to diaphoretic; the live skin examination does not use every generic skin entry in the wording catalog below.
Pupils
| State | Plain wording | Clinical wording |
|---|---|---|
Normal state, ICP below the early threshold, no Cushing flag | Both pupils are equal and react normally to light. | Pupils: PERRL. |
Normal state with ICP at or above the early threshold, or Cushing flag | Both pupils are equal but react slowly. | Pupils: equal/round, sluggish bilaterally. |
Pupil state 1 | The affected pupil is bigger and slower than the other. | Affected side sluggish/dilating, other side brisk. Anisocoria. |
Pupil state 2 | The affected pupil is wide open and does not react. The other still does. | Affected side blown (fixed, dilated), other side reactive. |
Pupil state 3 | Both pupils are wide open and neither reacts to light. | Pupils: bilateral fixed + dilated. |
The early ICP threshold defaults to 18. Side specific text follows the injury side. PERRL means pupils equal, round and reactive to light. Anisocoria means unequal pupil size.
Nystagmus may be appended when the patient is alive, unconscious, outside arrest, not paralyzed, and the induction normalized ketamine effect is at least 1 and exceeds propofol plus midazolam. Plain wording reports rapid involuntary eye movement. This is an additional finding and does not replace the pupil examination.
Capillary refill
The live ACM check reports a time band. It starts at 4, adjusts for blood volume when a pulse is present, and applies a MAP adjustment when blood volume is above 5 L. An arm tourniquet prevents the arm specific volume adjustment.
| Computed refill value | Displayed band |
|---|---|
Below 2 | ~2 seconds |
2 to below 3 | <3 seconds |
3 to below 4 | ~3 seconds |
4 or above | >4 seconds |
The band labels are the literal game output, including the final “>4” label at a computed value of exactly 4. The arm calculation maps 5.8 to 5.2 L across 2 to 4 seconds; the torso calculation maps 5.5 to 4.8 L across the same range. These volume conversions are not clamped. The generic wording catalog does not replace this live numeric result.
Fracture inspection
Clinical fracture inspection evaluates the selected limb in this order. Earlier rows take priority over later rows.
| Priority / state | Clinical log finding |
|---|---|
1. Splint present | Splint in place; crepitus not assessed |
2. ACE fracture state is treated (-1) | Limb stabilized; crepitus not reassessed |
3. Complex fracture (3) | Severe contusion, marked swelling and deformity; crepitus present |
4. Severe fracture (2) | Severe contusion and swelling; crepitus present |
5. Mild fracture (1) | Severe contusion; no crepitus found |
6. Unexpected fracture state or remaining positive ACE fracture | Limb findings indeterminate; reassess |
7. Body part damage above 1 | Visible contusion; no crepitus found |
8. None of the above | No visible contusion or deformity; no crepitus found |
Crepitus is the grinding finding used by the game’s presentation rules. No crepitus found does not exclude a fracture: the mild fracture row explicitly uses that wording. Previous realignment is appended to the finding and does not clear severity. With Clinical Descriptors disabled, the native ACM inspection provides the result.
Response, pulse, chest and airway
| Assessment | Clinical wording or behavior |
|---|---|
Check Response: arrest | Unresponsive with agonal respirations and myoclonic activity |
Check Response: dead | Unresponsive, apneic, pulseless and cool to the touch |
Pulse: weak | Weak, thready pulse |
Pulse: strong | Strong, bounding pulse |
Pulse: normal | Pulse regular, normal amplitude |
Pulse: none | Pulseless |
Chest bruising | Extensive chest wall ecchymosis |
Severe airway inflammation | Severe pharyngeal edema |
The response sentences include the patient name. Agonal respirations are gasping; myoclonic activity describes involuntary jerking. Ecchymosis means bruising; pharyngeal edema means swelling in the throat. Mild and significant airway inflammation retain their native wording.
Complete shared wording catalog
These are the 38 plain/clinical pairs in the shared descriptor function. They include position names and reusable wording. Their presence in this catalog does not mean an action currently emits each row; the live assessment rules above describe the actual examination paths.
Breathing catalog11 pairs
| Plain wording | Clinical wording |
|---|---|
Breathing normally | Eupneic, equal chest rise |
Breathing slowly | Bradypneic |
Breathing quickly | Tachypneic |
Not breathing | Apneic |
Breathing shallowly | Shallow, poor tidal volume |
One side of the chest moves less | Asymmetric chest rise |
Occasional gasping | Agonal respirations |
Patient is not breathing | Patient is apneic |
None | Apneic |
Patient breathing is rapid and shallow | Patient is tachypneic with shallow respirations |
Rapid and shallow | Tachypneic, shallow respirations |
Capillary refill catalog5 pairs
| Plain wording | Clinical wording |
|---|---|
Color returns immediately | Capillary refill under 2 seconds |
Color returns quickly | Capillary refill 2 seconds |
Color returns slowly | Capillary refill 3 to 4 seconds |
Color takes a long time to return | Capillary refill over 4 seconds |
Color does not return | No capillary refill |
Position names7 pairs
| Plain wording | Clinical wording |
|---|---|
Elevate Head to 30° | Place in Semi-Fowler's position |
Lower Head to Flat | Place in Supine position |
Recovery Position | Lateral Recumbent |
Face Down | Prone |
On Their Back | Supine |
Sitting Up | Fowler's Position |
Head Down, Legs Raised | Trendelenburg |
Pupil catalog7 pairs
| Plain wording | Clinical wording |
|---|---|
Pupils are equal and react to light | PERRL |
Pupils react slowly | Equal, sluggishly reactive |
Pupils are very small | Bilateral miosis, pinpoint |
Pupils are very large | Bilateral mydriasis |
Pupils do not react to light | Fixed and dilated bilaterally |
Left pupil is larger | Anisocoria, left blown, right reactive |
Right pupil is larger | Anisocoria, right blown, left reactive |
Skin catalog8 pairs
| Plain wording | Clinical wording |
|---|---|
Skin looks normal | Warm, dry, well perfused |
Skin is pale | Pale, cool, dry |
Skin is cold and clammy | Cool and diaphoretic, delayed refill |
Skin is blotchy and gray | Mottled, cool to the knee, poorly perfused |
Lips and fingers look blue | Peripheral cyanosis, nail beds dusky |
Lips and tongue look blue | Central cyanosis |
Skin is flushed and hot | Flushed, hot, dry |
Skin looks yellow | Jaundiced, scleral icterus |
Sources and revision
Checked against ACM Extended source revision 5bce47c on 13 September 2026.