ACM Extended
ACM EXTENDED / REFERENCE

Clinical descriptors

Find the exact examination wording, the state that selects it, and the difference made by the Clinical Descriptors setting.

Reading an examination

The descriptor setting changes wording. Check Breathing, Feel Skin, Assess Pupils and fracture inspection each select findings through their own rules. An assessment label is one observation; read it with the rest of the patient assessment.

01

Breathing findings

The first matching condition determines the result. A driving ventilator is checked first, then an active irregular breathing pattern, then the ordinary breathing assessment.

PriorityConditionReported finding
1
Ventilator is driving the living patient
Mechanical ventilation with delivered rate and exhaled tidal volume. VTe below 50 mL or delivered minute volume below 0.2 L/min reports minimal effective exhaled volume.
2
Irregular breathing pattern is active
Breathing is irregular in rate and depth.
3
RR below 1, HR below 20, death, tension pneumothorax, hemothorax fluid above 1.4, or blocked airway
Not breathing / apneic
4
A shallow breathing condition is present
Shallow, with slow or rapid wording added according to the rate thresholds below.
5
No higher condition applies
Rate alone selects slow, normal or rapid.

Shallow breathing conditions include pneumothorax, an unsecured collapsed airway, absent airway reflexes without an adjunct or securing maneuver, airway inflammation above 15, or lung tissue damage above 20.

Rate in breaths/minOrdinary depthShallow condition present
Below 15.9
Patient is bradypneic
Patient is bradypneic with poor tidal volume
15.9 through 22
Patient is eupneic with equal chest rise
Patient is breathing with poor tidal volume
Above 22
Patient is tachypneic
Patient is tachypneic with shallow respirations

Apneic means no breathing is reported. Bradypneic means slow; tachypneic means fast; eupneic is the normal depth, normal rate wording. Poor tidal volume describes shallow breaths. The mechanically ventilated result uses delivered measurements instead of these spontaneous breathing labels.

02

Skin findings

Feel Skin reads blood volume, mean arterial pressure (MAP), arrest state and core temperature. The first matching row selects pallor and the perfusion tier.

First matching conditionPallorMoisture
Cardiac arrest, MAP below 50, or blood compartment below 3.5 L
Mottled and gray
Clammy / diaphoretic
MAP below 65 or blood compartment below 4.5 L
Pale
Clammy / diaphoretic
MAP below 75 or blood compartment below 5.4 L
Slightly pale
Dry
None of the above
Pink
Dry
Dead patient, handled before the living tiers
Ashen and mottled; cold to the touch
Fixed examination sentence
Temperature or perfusion conditionSkin temperature wording
Core temperature below 34°C
Cold
Otherwise, either of the two worst perfusion tiers or core temperature below 36°C
Cool
Otherwise
Warm

The displayed color uses whichever is worse: perfusion tier or temperature band. Temperature bands are below 32°C, below 34°C, below 36°C, and 36°C or above. Clinical Descriptors changes clammy to diaphoretic; the live skin examination does not use every generic skin entry in the wording catalog below.

03

Pupils

StatePlain wordingClinical wording
Normal state, ICP below the early threshold, no Cushing flag
Both pupils are equal and react normally to light.
Pupils: PERRL.
Normal state with ICP at or above the early threshold, or Cushing flag
Both pupils are equal but react slowly.
Pupils: equal/round, sluggish bilaterally.
Pupil state 1
The affected pupil is bigger and slower than the other.
Affected side sluggish/dilating, other side brisk. Anisocoria.
Pupil state 2
The affected pupil is wide open and does not react. The other still does.
Affected side blown (fixed, dilated), other side reactive.
Pupil state 3
Both pupils are wide open and neither reacts to light.
Pupils: bilateral fixed + dilated.

The early ICP threshold defaults to 18. Side specific text follows the injury side. PERRL means pupils equal, round and reactive to light. Anisocoria means unequal pupil size.

Nystagmus may be appended when the patient is alive, unconscious, outside arrest, not paralyzed, and the induction normalized ketamine effect is at least 1 and exceeds propofol plus midazolam. Plain wording reports rapid involuntary eye movement. This is an additional finding and does not replace the pupil examination.

04

Capillary refill

The live ACM check reports a time band. It starts at 4, adjusts for blood volume when a pulse is present, and applies a MAP adjustment when blood volume is above 5 L. An arm tourniquet prevents the arm specific volume adjustment.

Computed refill valueDisplayed band
Below 2
~2 seconds
2 to below 3
<3 seconds
3 to below 4
~3 seconds
4 or above
>4 seconds

The band labels are the literal game output, including the final “>4” label at a computed value of exactly 4. The arm calculation maps 5.8 to 5.2 L across 2 to 4 seconds; the torso calculation maps 5.5 to 4.8 L across the same range. These volume conversions are not clamped. The generic wording catalog does not replace this live numeric result.

05

Fracture inspection

Clinical fracture inspection evaluates the selected limb in this order. Earlier rows take priority over later rows.

Priority / stateClinical log finding
1. Splint present
Splint in place; crepitus not assessed
2. ACE fracture state is treated (-1)
Limb stabilized; crepitus not reassessed
3. Complex fracture (3)
Severe contusion, marked swelling and deformity; crepitus present
4. Severe fracture (2)
Severe contusion and swelling; crepitus present
5. Mild fracture (1)
Severe contusion; no crepitus found
6. Unexpected fracture state or remaining positive ACE fracture
Limb findings indeterminate; reassess
7. Body part damage above 1
Visible contusion; no crepitus found
8. None of the above
No visible contusion or deformity; no crepitus found

Crepitus is the grinding finding used by the game’s presentation rules. No crepitus found does not exclude a fracture: the mild fracture row explicitly uses that wording. Previous realignment is appended to the finding and does not clear severity. With Clinical Descriptors disabled, the native ACM inspection provides the result.

06

Response, pulse, chest and airway

AssessmentClinical wording or behavior
Check Response: arrest
Unresponsive with agonal respirations and myoclonic activity
Check Response: dead
Unresponsive, apneic, pulseless and cool to the touch
Pulse: weak
Weak, thready pulse
Pulse: strong
Strong, bounding pulse
Pulse: normal
Pulse regular, normal amplitude
Pulse: none
Pulseless
Chest bruising
Extensive chest wall ecchymosis
Severe airway inflammation
Severe pharyngeal edema

The response sentences include the patient name. Agonal respirations are gasping; myoclonic activity describes involuntary jerking. Ecchymosis means bruising; pharyngeal edema means swelling in the throat. Mild and significant airway inflammation retain their native wording.

07

Complete shared wording catalog

These are the 38 plain/clinical pairs in the shared descriptor function. They include position names and reusable wording. Their presence in this catalog does not mean an action currently emits each row; the live assessment rules above describe the actual examination paths.

Breathing catalog11 pairs
Plain wordingClinical wording
Breathing normally
Eupneic, equal chest rise
Breathing slowly
Bradypneic
Breathing quickly
Tachypneic
Not breathing
Apneic
Breathing shallowly
Shallow, poor tidal volume
One side of the chest moves less
Asymmetric chest rise
Occasional gasping
Agonal respirations
Patient is not breathing
Patient is apneic
None
Apneic
Patient breathing is rapid and shallow
Patient is tachypneic with shallow respirations
Rapid and shallow
Tachypneic, shallow respirations
Capillary refill catalog5 pairs
Plain wordingClinical wording
Color returns immediately
Capillary refill under 2 seconds
Color returns quickly
Capillary refill 2 seconds
Color returns slowly
Capillary refill 3 to 4 seconds
Color takes a long time to return
Capillary refill over 4 seconds
Color does not return
No capillary refill
Position names7 pairs
Plain wordingClinical wording
Elevate Head to 30°
Place in Semi-Fowler's position
Lower Head to Flat
Place in Supine position
Recovery Position
Lateral Recumbent
Face Down
Prone
On Their Back
Supine
Sitting Up
Fowler's Position
Head Down, Legs Raised
Trendelenburg
Pupil catalog7 pairs
Plain wordingClinical wording
Pupils are equal and react to light
PERRL
Pupils react slowly
Equal, sluggishly reactive
Pupils are very small
Bilateral miosis, pinpoint
Pupils are very large
Bilateral mydriasis
Pupils do not react to light
Fixed and dilated bilaterally
Left pupil is larger
Anisocoria, left blown, right reactive
Right pupil is larger
Anisocoria, right blown, left reactive
Skin catalog8 pairs
Plain wordingClinical wording
Skin looks normal
Warm, dry, well perfused
Skin is pale
Pale, cool, dry
Skin is cold and clammy
Cool and diaphoretic, delayed refill
Skin is blotchy and gray
Mottled, cool to the knee, poorly perfused
Lips and fingers look blue
Peripheral cyanosis, nail beds dusky
Lips and tongue look blue
Central cyanosis
Skin is flushed and hot
Flushed, hot, dry
Skin looks yellow
Jaundiced, scleral icterus
Sources and revision